I read this so you don’t have to! Financial Feminist by Tori Dunlap

“This is going to sound harsh, but you literally cannot afford not investing.”
—Tori Dunlap

When I started planning this blog back in 2021, Tori Dunlap’s “Financial Feminist” podcast was the first resource I found that was speaking directly to me. Through her company Her First $100K, Dunlap has made it her mission to educate women on investing and empower them to take control of their finances. As someone with the privilege to grow up with parents who taught her about money (and had enough money to constructively talk about), Dunlap made it her prerogative to take up space as a woman in an industry dominated by men, providing information catered to women. It’s not just a title; by definition, she is a financial feminist.

These days, I tend to consume podcasts more for entertainment, so having access to Dunlap’s brain in the form of the book “Financial Feminist” was exactly what this overstimulated millennial needed. The book covers the emotions of money, spending, making a financial game plan, debt, investing, earning and living a financial feminist lifestyle. I found the chapters on the emotions of money and investing to be the most fruitful, but if you are just starting to get your finances together, this book has everything you need.

In the first chapter, Dunlap discusses how women learning about money is a direct threat to the patriarchy: “The patriarchy realizes that when a woman gains the knowledge to build wealth, soon it will have no control over her life or decisions. Her financial independence is a threat to the status quo. So, the patriarchy demands we tax ourselves. It weaponizes our altruism. Recent research suggests that women are expected to behave altruistically and, given that they disproportionately occupy societal roles involving caregiving and subservience, are punished for deviating from that norm to a much greater extent than men are. Thus, women may internalize altruism as their instinctive response, even at their own expense.”

Even if a woman doesn’t identify as a caregiver, the roles that have been established in the body politic dictate that if she doesn’t pour her life and money into helping people, she is selfish. Meanwhile, there is no expectation for men to fill this role. They are taught to get a good, high-paying job and let the rest fall into place. I wonder if this is partly where my passion for donating came from, this inherent need to … just care about other people? Wow, revolutionary!

Dunlap continues that women “need to challenge men’s gender roles in the process, or we’ll be left with a society of individualistic assholes where no one cares about anyone. Financial feminism isn’t just about a woman’s right to decide what she does with her money, without the current socialized pressure to exist in service of others. It’s also about each of us demanding that the people who have access to the most money (i.e., men) actually start thinking about their existence in service of others.”

Men have taken advantage of women’s physical and emotional labor for centuries. Ever since women joined the workforce during World War II and were given access to “the world of men,” they have been shifting their role in society. No longer are women forced to be caregivers, secretaries or teachers in service of others. Now women can, quite literally, do anything they want for work (while still getting paid less than men). However, men haven’t had any reason to change their societal roles along with us; some men still expect their women coworkers to serve as their secretaries, believing that all women have this need to serve, even if that is not in their job description. Instead of having women “lean in” and act more like men in the workplace, Dunlap believes this should be flipped, and men should level the playing field by doing the emotional labor that women do every day. Now that’s feminism, baby!

In the words of Bobbie Barrett from Mad Men:

When it comes to spending, women are more often shamed for spending money. I’ve seen countless videos of women hiding their spending habits from their husbands, getting rid of the evidence before he comes home, thinking this is peak humor. Instead, it makes me physically ill! Dunlap says, “The real kicker here is that the spending power of women drives the majority of the economy. We’ve been marketed to since we were young girls, a constant narrative to get us to spend money … Women are the most marketed to but then are shamed for spending!”

Not only are women trained from a young age to consume, told that spending money on ourselves will improve our lives, we are stimulating the economy as I write this. Somewhere, right now, a woman is getting her nails done, and I’m sure they look incredible! By doing so, she is contributing to someone else’s living wage. Another woman is buying something overpriced at Anthropologie just to feel something. Me? I’m just trying to finish this blog post, but I’ll probably buy some collagen gummies I don’t actually need at Target later (they taste really good 😆).

But seriously, if it weren’t for women spending money to be respected by society, there would be no $580 billion beauty industry, and there would be no stocks for companies like Target, Ulta or Sally Beauty. These are stocks that I’ve read news about in some of AAII’s model portfolios—men spend money in the beauty industry in their own way, knowing that it’s a lucrative investment, and then women are shamed for carrying the economy on their backs. What’s the difference? Both are investments: Men are making money on that money, while women are investing the money in themselves first, and investing in another person or establishment for those beauty services.

Dunlap does a great job of cutting through the patriarchal, financial jargon in this book to simplify how we think about investing. She says, “When it comes down to it, investing is simply putting money into financial products … with the expectation that they’ll make us more money.” She also squashes anyone’s fear about losing money in their investments, “Investing for the long term—twenty or more years—raises your prospects of seeing a return on your investment to 100 percent … In fact, during every single twenty-year period (yes, even during the Great Recession), investors made money. Long-term investing—steady, patient, consistent—does not lose. It never has.” It was great to see such an important and frank discussion of long-term investing after hearing about it for years at AAII (just a tinge of confirmation bias here!).

So far, I was loving this book, but to my dismay, there wasn’t much airtime given to environmental, social and governance (ESG) investing. Having a sustainable investing strategy, to me, is the most financially feminist thing you can do with your money. Not only did it make investing so much easier for me when I was starting out by narrowing the field of investments I could consider, it also cut through a lot of the patriarchal bullshit I knew I would have to deal with as a woman starting to invest. It gave me the ability to say, “No, I’m not going to invest like every man has told me to. I’m not going to just throw all of my money into an index fund that’s filled to the brim with companies that couldn’t care less about me, my community, the earth and our well-being. I’m going to do things my way.”

As Dunlap says, “We work to increase our income and get paid fairly: for our mental health, our financial goals, and our own stability, and to make society better.” Being financially independent isn’t about making the most money in the world (millionaires and billionaires are gross, and they should definitely pay dividends). Ultimately, investing is about making your money work for you so that you can live your life without worrying about your next paycheck. A girl can dream!

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Midyear Portfolio Review and Finding an ESG Benchmark

We made it to the second half of the year already, which means it’s time for a midyear portfolio review! Let’s analyze my seven exchange-traded fund (ETF) holdings and determine if any of them will get the guillotine.

My review process involves looking at my portfolio holdings’ performance, expense ratios (how much investing in the ETF will cost me per year) and their As You Sow grades on fossil fuels, deforestation, gender equality, sales of guns and military weapons, the prison industrial complex and tobacco. I have potentially four holdings that could be deleted, but will I be replacing all of them?

All of my holdings are looking good on expense ratios and their grades; they’re all below 0.60% and have grades of A or B. However, three of my ETFs are having “Gender Trouble” (Judith Butler, 1990) with gender equality grades of F. One ETF’s fossil fuels grade slipped to C. These grade changes are all grounds for deletion in my investing strategy. When evaluating my ETFs on their performance, the four with unsatisfactory As You Sow grades were also the worst performers since being added to my portfolio:

I had a lot of trouble finding replacements for these ETFs that fit my stringent criteria for addition. Possibilities included the Fidelity MSCI Information Technology Index ETF (FTEC), with a prison industrial complex grade of C dragging it down, and the Nuveen Winslow Large-Cap Growth ESG ETF (NWLG), with all A’s and B’s on As You Sow but an expense ratio of 0.64% (grade of D).

Many of AAII’s model portfolios have a rule that if there are no suitable replacements for a stock, the stock should remain in the portfolio until one with better prospects is found. I’ve been thinking about implementing a similar rule for my own portfolio, but with a twist. Since I don’t have a certain number of ETFs that I am required to hold in my portfolio, I could delete an ETF without replacing it. My only rule is that I shouldn’t hold more than seven ETFs at once (for diversification purposes), but what if I held five instead?

Based on their poor performance and gender equality grades of F, I will be removing the Global X Hydrogen ETF (HYDR) and the Global X Solar ETF (RAYS) from my portfolio. I won’t be replacing them with anything new at this time, but hopefully when my next portfolio review rolls around at year-end, I can find something worthy. The other two underperformers with grade slippage will be reevaluated at my next portfolio review as well. Maybe they can get those grades up before then!

With my midyear lump-sum investment of $2,000 added to my brokerage account, I will buy more shares of my current holdings and make sure the money is as evenly distributed as possible among the ETFs.

Using AAII’s My Portfolio tool, I checked how my portfolio would be diversified after removing these two ETFs. I found that my allocations to domestic and foreign stock moved closer to the recommendation from the AAII Aggressive Allocation Model:

Recently, AAII’s lead editor of the Stock Superstars Report (SSR) Matt Markowski wrote about the benchmark used for the SSR portfolio. Choosing a benchmark for my own portfolio has been on my mind for a while. According to the article, “A portfolio benchmark allows individual investors to gauge the relative performance of their portfolios.” Especially in the current investment environment with a lot of red, I thought it would be important to see how my portfolio is doing compared to the majority of environmental, social and governance (ESG) investments.

Most of the ESG indexes I initially found had companies in their top 10 holdings that I wouldn’t touch with a 10-foot pole (Amazon, Apple, Tesla, Microsoft). Many of the indexes I found had more of a domestic focus, but since I have a sizable allocation to foreign stock, I knew my benchmark index would need a global view. Finally, I stumbled on Morningstar’s Global Markets Sustainability index. Morningstar’s transparency made it easy to see exactly what the index holds and how it’s constructed:

Year to date through June 30, 2023, the Morningstar Global Sustainability index is up 14.3%. My own portfolio’s performance isn’t in positive territory, but it’s good to know that it’s possible to outperform while sustainably investing.

PRISM Step 5: Monitoring Your Allocation, Progress and Life Stages

This is the final post in this initial series. You can read the rest of these blog posts here to learn more about how to use the AAII PRISM Wealth-Building Process!

PRISM is a five-step method for aligning my investment decisions with my goals, created by AAII Journal editor Charles Rotblut. The fifth step details how to use PRISM as a cyclical process that changes as you and your investments age.

The final step of PRISM contains three parts of your financial life to monitor: allocation, progress and life stages. Asset allocation is the process of dividing your investments between different categories like stocks, bonds and cash. Currently, my investment portfolio and my retirement account are pretty much fully allocated to stocks via exchange-traded funds (ETFs), but I have around $80 in cash in my Charles Schwab brokerage account.

Using AAII’s My Portfolio tool, the A+ Investor Asset Allocation Analyzer shows me that the breakdown of my portfolio of index ETFs is a bit off from the AAII Aggressive Asset Allocation Model. The aggressive model calls for 60% invested in domestic stock, 30% in foreign stock and 10% in bonds. My index ETFs round out to 53.5% domestic stock and 46.4% foreign stock, and obviously nothing is in bonds (which, according to AAII founder James Cloonan, is a sound portfolio strategy). I decided to take a look at my 403(b) retirement account as well to see if the average asset allocation of my overall investments could be closer to the aggressive model. My 403(b) has 80.3% in domestic stock and 17.1% in foreign stock. Combined with my index ETFs, my average allocation is 66.9% to domestic stock and 31.8% to foreign stock—definitely closer to the model!

During my next portfolio review at the end of June, I might take a deeper look into my allocation, but for now I’m happy with where I stand.

Next on the list is to check my progress toward my goals. Back in the first step of PRISM, I determined my short-, intermediate- and long-term goals and how much I thought I would need for them. My nearest-term goal is to accumulate $2,000 for the next lump-sum investment in my brokerage account. I’m using my SmartyPig high-yield savings account to track this goal and have about $500 more to go. By my next portfolio review, I should have realized this goal. My goal of buying property in the next three to five years has an estimated cost of $35,000. I’ve been neglecting this goal because the housing market has been ridiculous and, after determining the pros and cons of owning property, I decided that renting is my best option until I feel the need to run away and become a forest witch! Even so, I should be taking more advantage of the 4.25% yield my LendingClub savings account is offering. I currently have around $7,200 and if I can add money more consistently to this account, I could be a lot closer to my goal in the next five years.

The last part of the fifth step of PRISM is to assess any life stage changes that have occurred. Using the Monitoring Your Life Stages worksheet, I determined that nothing has changed, except that I have to walk a lot more to stave off knee and back pain!

Though I made it through all five steps of PRISM, that doesn’t mean I’ll never look at my investments through the lens of PRISM again. When a life stage change occurs, I will need to determine if any revisions are needed to my goals, risk tolerance, allocation and management preferences and apply any of these changes to my investments. PRISM will make its return whenever something dramatic happens to me—I’ll keep you posted!

I read this so you don’t have to! Investing at Level3 by James Cloonan

“The failure of others to take and be faithful to a long view toward investing is what provides the opportunity for you. Don’t let it slip by.”
—James B. Cloonan, Ph.D.

It took me a while to feel ready for it, but I finally read AAII founder James Cloonan’s career-spanning book, “Investing at Level3.” When I started at AAII in 2017, the book was already in the hands of many investors and has been updated with fresh data a few times since. Cloonan demystifies and denounces various theories that the financial industry has historically relied on to conclude that the individual investor doesn’t need a ton of bells and whistles to become a successful manager of their portfolio.

I admired Cloonan for his quick wit. One time when we were chatting, he referenced Oscar Wilde’s “The Picture of Dorian Gray.” I’m sure he saw my eyes light up at the mention; I used to carry my laughably large, 700-page copy of “The Collected Oscar Wilde” around the hallways in high school because it was too big to fit in my bag! Though he founded AAII, he didn’t like too much public attention (introverts unite!). I felt a kinship with him in this regard and respected that he didn’t feel the need to fit into a mold because of his title.

In the introduction, Cloonan outlines the book’s objectives: 1) To show how most of the investing analysis used today doesn’t cut it for individual investors’ returns; 2) To provide alternatives to these theories that are based in reality; 3) To define and control “real risk” for the long-term investor; and 4) To create a structure for these ideas and empower the individual to ignore the unhelpful noise from the investing industry.

I’m sure you’re wondering by now: “If this book is about Level3 investing, what are the other two levels?” Cloonan defined Level 1 investing as an investor who is acting purely on emotion and “following different advice at different times.” An example of Level 1 investing is everyone who was using Robinhood during the meme-stock craze of 2021. At least it was entertaining! Level 2 investing is the industry standard: a portfolio with 60% in large-cap stocks and 40% in bonds. Officially, Level3 investing uses reality-based instead of theoretical models to increase the individual investor’s returns and retirement income over the long term.

I found the thread of risk that Cloonan weaved through this book to be the most interesting part. Risk is an investing concept that, though I’ve read about it a thousand times, doesn’t register as anything specific in my mind. It all started to make sense when Cloonan wrote, “Every book and article on investing is telling you how to measure risk and the measures don’t make sense in the real world.” Essentially, volatility can be defined as “‘the likelihood of (returns) shifting quickly and unpredictably,’” while risk is “‘the chance of (financial) injury, damage, or loss.’” Volatility seems to be part of the investing process and is more important to the short-term trader than the long-term investor, but risk is more of a bad outcome of investing.

For the long-term investor, Cloonan concludes that risk doesn’t necessarily need to be measured, “we just have to avoid it as much as possible.” He also notes, “In fact, because volatility can add to the return on investment, it can actually reduce real risk. This is because over time additional return will continually increase the value of the portfolio until even in the worst-case scenario the portfolio will be able to maintain a higher value than its lower-return alternative. This is real risk reduction … In short, the long-term investor has almost no risk.”

Two asset classes that Cloonan believed did not fit the Level3 strategy are long-term bonds and international stocks. His case for avoiding long-term bonds “is that they have lower returns over the long run and they provide no significant risk reduction for the long-term investor.” I was relieved to not have to think about bonds because I still don’t understand what they are anyway 😂! Cloonan wasn’t entirely opposed to international stocks, he just didn’t think they should be used purely for diversification purposes.

“Investing at Level3” solidified many of AAII’s teachings I’ve consumed over the years and added more depth to my understanding of risk—it’s nice to know I have one less thing to worry about for my own long-term investing strategy! There was also great attention given to an aggressive investing approach, meaning a portfolio that is mostly allocated to stocks. Cloonan writes, “Going to a more conservative strategy has significant cost, and that cost must be compared with the likely loss from such a scenario.” With this, Cloonan inspires the long-term individual investor to take more “risk” by only investing in stocks, as long as they can stomach it when things turn sour. Here’s to Cloonan’s decades of dedication to educating investors and taking alternative routes to get there.

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PRISM Step 4: Selecting and Managing Your Investments

Read the rest of my blog posts in this series here to learn more about how to use the AAII PRISM Wealth-Building Process!

PRISM is a five-step method for aligning my investment decisions with my goals, created by AAII Journal editor Charles Rotblut. The fourth step of PRISM focuses on how to find specific investments that fit my investing strategy.

Charles emphasizes the need for creating buy and sell rules for my investments. There are lessons containing helpful guidelines for buying and selling stocks, bonds, mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Thankfully, I have already been going about this process outside of PRISM, so I have a portfolio and some loose rules in place for the ETFs I own.

Using the list of Buy and Sell Rules for Mutual Funds and ETFs provided in the fourth step of PRISM, I solidified my portfolio rules.

The first question that caught my eye is related to the ETF’s investment approach. Since my investing strategy is to find sustainable ETFs that aren’t destroying the earth, this is an important consideration for my portfolio.

When I first invested in March 2022, I made notes of the ETFs’ current As You Sow grades in AAII’s My Portfolio tool so I knew why they were attractive investments at the time. As You Sow’s screener grades funds based on their investments in stocks of companies that are profiting from the fossil fuel industry, deforestation, gender inequality, sales of guns and military weapons, the prison industrial complex and tobacco.

During my first portfolio review at the start of 2023, I came up with some rules for my ETFs’ As You Sow grades: In order to add an ETF to my portfolio, it must have mostly grades of A and B—with the exception of gender equality, which can have a grade of C. I made this distinction after much in-depth research about sustainable investing and determined that gender equality is the most common holdout on these kinds of investments. The corresponding sell rule to this is if any of the ETF’s As You Sow grades worsens to C and/or the gender equality grade falls to D then the ETF’s sustainable objective is no longer valid for my portfolio strategy and it should be kicked to the curb.

The next guideline is regarding expense ratios. An expense ratio is the cost investors pay for a fund’s portfolio management. Since I am mostly investing in index ETFs, the expense ratios on my investments should be relatively low.

In my first portfolio review, I determined that I did not want to invest in an ETF with an expense ratio of 0.60% or higher. I also noted that I was looking for expense ratio grades of C or better, but I am now rethinking this rule. If my buy rule is for an ETF with an expense ratio below 0.60% and corresponding grade of A or B, the equivalent sell rule is if that expense ratio increases above 0.60% or its grade falls to C.

Below are my very official buy and sell rules:

As I continue my investing discoveries, I will add to this list and share it with you all. Follow along with me as I venture through the PRISM Wealth-Building Process and solidify my financial plan for the future!

PRISM Step 3: Identifying Your Investment Management Preferences

Catch up on my journey through the AAII PRISM Wealth-Building Process! Read my first two blog posts in this series here.

PRISM is a five-step method for aligning my investment decisions with my goals, created by AAII Journal editor Charles Rotblut. The third step of PRISM focuses on the kind of oversight I want for my investments and helps to identify what type of investor I am when it comes to the level of involvement in my portfolio.

Charles mentions the importance of understanding constraints I have on my investments that could help determine how my portfolio will be managed. These constraints include how much time I want to commit to managing my investments, how interested I am in the details of what I’m investing in, my comfort level with selecting holdings, how much I feel supported by the education and resources at my disposal and what my plans are for the future of my portfolio.

I went through the worksheet provided to discover which of the investor types I identified with: fully hands-on, partially hands-on, index investor, fund investor, combo hands-on/works with a planner, bolt-on or adviser investor.

I want complete control over what I’m investing in, but I’m currently only investing in index exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Usually, those investors who want full control over their investments are picking individual stocks. My desire for this control is rooted in my environmental, social and governance (ESG) investing strategy: I don’t want to invest in big corporations that are treating the earth or humanity like garbage. The only other constraint I have is that my 403(b) retirement account is through Vanguard, limiting my options exclusively to Vanguard mutual funds. At this point, I’m still not comfortable investing in individual stocks. So, am I a fund investor?

It turns out that I identify closest with the index investor, since fund investors are investing in actively managed funds—meaning there is someone in charge of the fund making investing decisions. Index funds track a specific index, so there’s not as much investment turnover as there is with an active fund. This also keeps the cost of owning an index fund lower than an active fund.

Do I want a financial adviser? Now that I know what kind of investor I am in this context, I know that I don’t necessarily need a financial adviser to help me with index investing. I think about this every so often, as my parents always rave about their adviser. If I were more interested in active funds, I might consider working with an adviser to help me select some investments. The worksheet asks specifically what I would need professional help with, and the only thing I haven’t done on my own so far is estate planning.

The thought of even having an “estate” sounds pretty farfetched at this point! However and whenever I get to that stage, I know it will be best to work with someone who actually knows what they’re doing.

Given what I learned in this step of PRISM, I might consider adding some active ETFs to my portfolio some time in the future for more of a blended approach. That way, I could have a bit more involvement in what I’m investing in if I care to spend the time doing more research.

Follow along with me as I venture through the PRISM Wealth-Building Process and solidify my financial plan for the future!

PRISM Step 2: Recognizing Your Risk Tolerance and Allocation

Before we dive into the deep end of what the big words in the title represent, if you missed my blog post about the first step of the AAII PRISM Wealth-Building Process, you can read it here.

PRISM is a five-step method for aligning my investment decisions with my goals, created by AAII Journal editor Charles Rotblut. The second step of PRISM contains nine lessons and three worksheets for discovering my risk tolerance for each of my investing goals and how I need to diversify my investments to correlate with the level of risk I can handle.

Charles discusses many types of risk, but the most important seem to be financial and psychological. How much money and sanity can you handle losing on your investments? But risk isn’t just about losing money, it can also lower the purchasing power of the money you already have. This was an argument I heavily relied on when I opened two high-yield savings accounts instead of letting thousands of dollars sit pretty in my joke of a regular savings account. The interest rate on regular savings accounts is far too low to keep up with inflation, so over time that money has less value.

Though risk sounds like a bad thing, Charles says that some risk can be an opportunity if you know how to use it right. For instance, when the market is down (like it was for most of last year) that lowers the price of investments, which in turn gives individual investors more options to buy stocks and funds at a discount.

The Assessing Your Risk Tolerance worksheet can be used for each of my investing goals that I outlined in my walkthrough of PRISM Step 1. For instance, my risk tolerance for retirement is high due to the long-term timing of the goal.

Allocation is the other big word in this step; it refers to how your portfolio is divided among different classes of investments. These include stocks, bonds and cash. AAII has three asset allocation models for different goal time horizons that correspond with how to diversify your investments for each goal.

With my retirement’s long investment horizon, it lands me in the aggressive investor column. This correlates with an allocation of 10% to fixed income, or bonds, and 90% to diversified stocks. My retirement portfolio is 100% invested in stocks, but I think it’s still too early in my investing journey to add bonds to the mix. I will need to do a lot more research before I feel comfortable investing in something I currently don’t understand.

I can apply these lessons to each of my investing goals to ensure that the allocation I have in place supports the investment’s time horizon and level of risk.

Follow along with me as I venture through the PRISM Wealth-Building Process and solidify my financial plan for the future!

New Year, New Investments, Same Strategy

It’s time for some more investing! I accumulated another lump sum of $2,000 to add to my Schwab brokerage account, but I’m not sure how to distribute it. I know I want to add some new investments, but should I sell some too?

During the first time I invested back in March 2021, I chose seven index exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that fit my personal environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria. I started with AAII’s ETF Screener and filtered for socially responsible ETFs with low and below-average expense ratios in their category. From there, I added my investing ideas to AAII’s My Portfolio tracking tool and ran them through As You Sow’s screener, which grades funds based on their investments in stocks of companies that are profiting from the fossil fuel industry, deforestation, gender inequality, sales of guns and military weapons, the prison industrial complex and tobacco.

Unfortunately, the market took quite the fall last year, putting some of my klutziest moments to shame. Most of my initial investments have lost value since purchase, but I know that it’s not the end of the world. AAII taught me that bull markets last longer than bear markets, and by that logic there is hope!

This time, I started my search for new investments with a specific category in mind: vegan food. I found some vegan socially responsible ETFs through AAII’s ETF Screener but most of them had sky-high expense ratios. For instance, the VegTech Plant-Based Innovation & Climate ETF (EATV) has an expense ratio of 0.75%, giving it a category expense ratio grade of F. On As You Sow, it gets almost all A’s, with a B for gender equality. I’m looking for ETFs with expense ratios below 0.60%, but also with category grades of C or better. One vegan ETF that came close was the U.S. Vegan Climate ETF (VEGN)—it has a 0.60% expense ratio, putting it just above my limit, but it also has C grades for gender equality and the prison industrial complex on As You Sow, making it a less sustainable investment.

I decided to switch gears and use As You Sow’s screener to find sustainable investments at the source. I set the filters for grades of B or better for all categories except gender equality, since this is a common one that companies miss. I chose to go for C grades or better for gender equality since it’s something I’m willing to accept as long the grade doesn’t get worse.

This gave me a few more ideas to add to my index ETF list in the AAII My Portfolio tool: VanEck BioTech ETF (BBH), ClearBridge All Cap Growth ESG ETF (CACG), IQ Cleaner Transport ETF (CLNR), Global X Green Building ETF (GRNR), VanEck Morningstar ESG Moat ETF (MOTE) and Schwab U.S. REIT ETF (SCHH).

I recalled reading way back in Michele Cagan’s “Investing 101” that I shouldn’t have more than six or seven ETFs in my portfolio, because at that point there is likely to be some duplication that doesn’t do my portfolio any good. Since I currently hold seven ETFs, I will have to make a sell decision in order to add any new ones to my portfolio.

To determine if I even have something to sell based on my investing strategy, I evaluated my current investments on how their As You Sow grades fared over the last 10 months. When I first invested in the seven ETFs, I made notes of their current As You Sow grades in the My Portfolio tool so I knew what made them attractive when I bought them. With this analysis, I found that two ETFs were potentially on the chopping block: Defiance Next Gen H2 ETF (HDRO) and Fidelity Clean Energy ETF (FRNW). When I bought it, Defiance Next Gen H2 didn’t have a meaningful gender equality grade, but it has since changed to F, and its fossil fuels grade fell from C to D. Fidelity Clean Energy’s fossil fuels grade fell from B to C and its gender equality grade remains at D. I’m mainly basing my analysis on the fossil fuels grades falling, since these grades are more important to my strategy and gender equality will likely be the biggest uphill battle of sustainable investing.

So, I have my crops to harvest, but what will I be replacing them with? From the list of index ETFs I found this time around, VanEck BioTech graded best with all A’s on As You Sow, and CleanBridge All Cap Growth ESG and IQ Cleaner Transport received all A’s and B’s. Schwab U.S. REIT is also a contender with just a grade of C for gender equality dragging it down. If I choose to remove the two ETFs that no longer fit my investing strategy, I will likely add two new ETFs to fill their spots. This means I have to narrow down my list of potential ETFs. But how?

It’s time to take a look at sector diversification. Right now, I have a lot of industrials exposure with a few Global X ETFs, so I don’t want to add any more investments in that category. This means IQ Cleaner Transport is off the table. From here, I chose the two ETFs with the lowest expense ratios and expense ratio grades of A: VanEck BioTech with a 0.35% expense ratio and Schwab U.S. REIT with 0.07%! These will add exposure to the health and real estate sectors and further diversify my portfolio.

Though I now have some sell rules in place for my investments, I don’t have a schedule for evaluating them. I’m currently operating on a roughly annual basis, but with the ESG investing landscape in flux, it might make more sense to review my portfolio midyear as well.

I’ll keep you updated on how my investments fare in 2023!

PRISM Step 1: Prioritizing Your Goals

Now that I have something of an investment strategy in place, it’s time to take a closer look at how my money will be allocated to my financial goals. The AAII PRISM Wealth-Building Process, created by AAII Journal editor Charles Rotblut, is a five-step method for aligning my investment decisions with my goals.

The first step of PRISM supplies seven lessons and three worksheets to help determine what my goals are, why to start with them, the key components of my goals—including the timing and wealth required to fulfill them—and the importance of prioritizing goals as a jumping off point for building wealth.

I learned that in order for a goal to have any standing, it has to be personal to me. Though it doesn’t need to be the highest priority in my life, it has to be something that I care about and am willing to achieve. Otherwise, I could spend the rest of my days in bed watching the sun go up and down (just kidding, there’s no sun now that it’s December!).

Once I define these goals, they will begin to drive the decisions I make with my money. Charles suggests starting with life stages. What do I want to do with my money at different stages of life? I have a mix of short-term and longer-term goals, but I’m not really sure about the intermediate term.

I’ll admit, some of the worksheets went a bit over my head, but the main Prioritizing Your Goals worksheet was the most helpful. Here I was able to enter my goals, the number of years away each goal is, the amount of time I will need to spend on the goals, their priority, estimated cost and any comments I have about these goals.

My goal that is most imminent is making another $2,000 lump-sum investment into my Schwab brokerage account. Since my plan is for this to occur on the first trading day of January 2023, this goal is my highest priority and will depend on me sticking to my savings schedule.

Next on my list is a little heritage tour of Europe I’ve wanted to go on for years. Germany, Hungary and a little village in what is now Poland where my great-grandfather grew up before he left for the U.S. are high on the list. It will probably also include eating my way through Italy—my true motherland even though I’m 0% Italian! I haven’t entirely planned out the trip, so my cost is super estimated here.

Buying a house or piece of property somewhere, somehow is my third goal. To be honest, I’m not even sure if I want to own property (blog post on that coming soon), but I know that I don’t necessarily want to pay an increasing amount of rent for the rest of my life either. After some very vague number crunching, I came up with an estimated cost of $35,000 for this goal—but it will depend a lot on inflation and the housing market’s status whenever this goal is realized.

My longest-term goal is also my lowest priority: retirement. The upside-down smiley emoji attached to it means that this is probably an unachievable goal, but it’s on there anyway! I did some calculations involving inflation to figure out how much I would possibly need in the year 2062 when I might retire (that’s not a real year!). Charles discusses how some of these goals will be more realistic and others more aspirational. Retirement is a fever dream at this point for millennials and younger generations, but AAII’s lessons always keep it in the back of my mind. One thing that lessened the pain of just how aspirational retirement is for me was when Charles noted that even long-term goals don’t need to be fully funded by the time they are met. Retirement is an example of a goal where I could still be in the accumulation stage of building savings but be able to retire with what I have at the time.

Follow along with me as I venture through the PRISM Wealth-Building Process and solidify my financial plan for the future!

How to Create Your Investing Strategy

Now that I’ve come this far in my investing journey, it’s time to compile everything I’ve learned into my very own investing strategy!

When I started this blog, I knew it was always my intention to write down what my financial goals are and how I want to achieve them. My two touchstone resources for this process are AAII’s “A Lifetime Investment Strategy” guide and an interview that AAII Journal editor Charles Rotblut did with professor Harold Pollack.

In AAII’s “A Lifetime Investment Strategy,” I learned that any investment strategy should have “a clearly defined objective” and “a specified time horizon.” Seems simple enough, right?

In my introduction to this blog, my objective was to “invest in better natural energy sources and learn how to invest for an early retirement so that I can follow my parents’ example and pursue other passions.” I’m not sure about that early retirement anymore, but I definitely want to continue investing in the index ETFs I found that aren’t killing the earth (the market seems to be going up again, and I’m seeing some green arrows on my Schwab account!).

My time horizon is a bit fuzzy, given the state of the world, but I know I want to invest for the long term. Doing so means that I don’t have to constantly worry about how much my investments are making; I can just ride out the market no matter what state it’s in and know that eventually my money will make money. AAII defines the long term as “a time horizon of at least five years. No one should embark on a long-term investment strategy if they are going to need their investable assets in less than five years.” Works for me!

Other lessons from “A Lifetime Investment Strategy” include diversification to reduce risk, categories of investment strategies and the different stages of wealth accumulation.

I remember that when Pollack’s AAII Journal interview “Beyond the Index Card: Implementing the Advice of the Financial Experts” was published, some AAII members thought it was too simple. But thankfully, simple is what this blog is all about! Pollack’s strategy for getting his own finances together in his 40s could be written on an index card. To some this was much too reductive, but to me this was revolutionary!

Inspired by Pollack, here’s my investing strategy on an index card:


Now that I’m contributing to my retirement account, I want to increase that contribution along with my income. I don’t want to be too specific here, as the percentage increase in contribution will be dependent on the percentage increase in my income. Investing in sustainable companies is also a high priority for me, including whether the company itself is using and creating sustainable products and can offer sustainable investment returns.

When it comes to saving, my current budget calls for saving 20% of my income and I’d like to continue doing so. Since I have a few savings accounts now, I need rules to go along with them. My regular bank savings account is just for emergency savings, so when the balance on that account is over $10,000, the rest should be in one of my high-yield savings accounts or invested.

My credit card has been such an important addition to my personal finance arsenal, and I’ve come up with a system to pay it off twice a month whenever my paycheck comes in so that I don’t have to think too much about my balance for the rest of the month.

When I first moved out on my own, I made a deal with myself to never have a monthly rent payment that was equal to or greater than a single paycheck. I knew I wouldn’t be able to live the life I wanted if half of my income was going to just rent. So far, I’ve managed to make this work by setting hard limits on how much my rent can be when looking for future living situations.

Last but not least, my latest blog post discussed donations as an investment and why I’m passionate about them—so passionate that they made it on the index card! You’ll notice that there are some empty lines on the index card. I want to leave some room for me and my strategy to grow and change together. So whenever I feel the need to alter my strategy, if I’m ever comfortable investing in stocks, or if I ever work with a financial adviser, I can work these changes into my index card.

I hope you find this a helpful starting point for thinking about your own investing strategy and how you want to manage your finances over the rest of your lifetime! (No pressure!)